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rearrangement inequality : ウィキペディア英語版
rearrangement inequality
In mathematics, the rearrangement inequality〔, Section 10.2, Theorem 368〕 states that
:x_ny_1 + \cdots + x_1y_n
\le x_y_1 + \cdots + x_y_n
\le x_1y_1 + \cdots + x_ny_n
for every choice of real numbers
:x_1\le\cdots\le x_n\quad\text\quad y_1\le\cdots\le y_n
and every permutation
:x_,\dots,x_\,
of ''x''1, . . ., ''xn''. If the numbers are different, meaning that
:x_1<\cdots
then the lower bound is attained only for the permutation which reverses the order, i.e. σ(''i'') = ''n'' − ''i'' + 1 for all ''i'' = 1, ..., ''n'', and the upper bound is attained only for the identity, i.e. σ(''i'') = ''i'' for all ''i'' = 1, ..., ''n''.
Note that the rearrangement inequality makes no assumptions on the signs of the real numbers.
==Applications==

Many famous inequalities can be proved by the rearrangement inequality, such as the arithmetic mean – geometric mean inequality, the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, and Chebyshev's sum inequality.

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